Noun Phrase Civil Code Common good faith bona fide 5 Being unaware of a particular fact. The opposite of bad faith. In Japanese, 善意zen'i. A third party in good faith is protected. Civil Code, Article 94(2) Honesty and fairness in dealing with others. bad faith mala fide 4 Being aware of a particular fact. The opposite of good faith. As a legal term it involves no moral judgment, unlike its everyday meaning. negligence 3 Failing to foresee or avoid a result through carelessness. (Latin culpa) Gross negligence does not escape liability. From Latin neglegentia, “carelessness”. legal capacity 4 The ability to hold rights and duties. Both natural persons and juridical persons have it. The enjoyment of private rights begins at birth. Civil Code, Article 3(1)